Components of Science Planning Essay

There are five essential components of scientific inquiry teaching that introduce students to many important aspects of science while helping them to develop a clearer and deeper knowledge of some particular science concept and/or process. Research has demonstrated that student involvement in the inquiry process provides a much needed connection and ownership of scientific investigations that will lead to a deeper conceptual knowledge about the content. Inquiry can be labeled as â€Å"partial† or â€Å"full† and refers to the proportion of a sequence of learning experiences that is inquiry-based. For example, when a textbook doesn’t engage students with a question, but begins with an experiment, an essential element of inquiry is missing and the inquiry is said to be partial. Also, inquiry is partial if a teacher chooses to demonstrate how something works rather than have the students explore it on their own and develop questions and explanations. What is important is that at least some of the components of inquiry are present within classroom hands-on experiences and hands-on does not necessarily guarantee inquiry. If all five elements of classroom inquiry are present, the inquiry is said to be full, however each component may vary depending on amount of structure a teacher builds into an activity or the extent to which students initiate and design an investigation. How does a teacher decide how much guidance to provide in an inquiry-based activity? The key element is in the intended outcomes. Whether the teacher wants the students to learn a particular concept, acquire certain inquiry abilities, or develop understandings about scientific inquiry influences the nature of the inquiry. In some instances partial inquiry may be more appropriate than a full inquiry-based experience. Teachers need to make meaningful decisions about how to best deliver the curriculum. The Five Essential Components to Inquiry 1. Learners are engaged by scientifically oriented questions. Scientists may pose two types of questions. They may propose â€Å"why† questions such as â€Å"Why do objects fall toward the Earth?† or â€Å"Why do humans have chambered hearts?† Many of these types of questions can’t be addressed by science. Then there are the â€Å"how† questions such as â€Å"How does sunlight help plant grow?† or â€Å"How are crystals formed?† which can. Students may ask â€Å"why† questions that can be turned into â€Å"how† questions and thus lend themselves to scientific inquiry. The initial question can originate from the learner or the teacher. Purposeful questions can be answered by students’ observations and scientific knowledge they obtain from reliable sources. Skillful teachers help students focus their questions so that they can experience both interesting and productive investigations. Teachers can provide opportunities that invite student questions by demonstrating a phenomenon or having them engage in an open investigation. Sometimes, questions will develop from students’ observations. Other times, the teacher provides the question. Either way, questions must be able to be investigated in a classroom setting. Teachers will likely have to modify student questions into ones that can be answered by students with the resources available, while being mindful of the curriculum. 2. Learners give priority to evidence, allowing them to develop and evaluate explanations that address scientifically-oriented questions. Science uses empirical evidence as the basis for explanations about how the natural world works. Importance is placed on getting accurate data and from observations. To make observations, scientists take measurements in natural settings, or in laboratories. The accuracy of the evidence collected is verified by checking measurements, repeating the observations, or gathering different kinds of data related to the same phenomenon. Evidence collected is then subject to questioning and further investigations. Within the classroom setting, students should follow similar guidelines during their laboratory experiences. 3. Learners formulate explanations form evidence to address scientifically oriented questions. Scientific explanations should be based on reason. They provide causes for effects and establish relationships based on evidence and logical argument and must be consistent with the observations and evidence collected. Explanations are ways to learn what is unfamiliar by relating what is observed to what is already known. For science, this means building upon the existing knowledge base. For students, this means building new ideas upon their current prior knowledge and understandings. 4. Learners evaluate their explanations in light of alternative explanations, particularly those reflecting scientific understanding. Evaluation, and possible elimination or revision of explanations, is one feature that distinguishes scientific from other forms of inquiry and subsequent explanations. Examples of questions one may ask are: â€Å"Does the evidence support the proposed explanations?†, or â€Å"Can other reasonable explanations be derived for the evidence?† An essential component of this characteristic is ensuring that students make the connection between their results and scientific knowledge. 5. Learners communicate and justify their proposed explanations. Scientists communicate their results in such a way that their results can be reproduced. This requires clear articulation of the question, procedures, evidence, proposed explanation, and review of alternative explanations. Having students share their explanations provides others the opportunity to ask questions, examine evidence, identify faulty reasoning, point out statements that go beyond the evidence, and suggest alternative explanations for the same observations. As a result of this communication, students can resolve contradictions and solidify an empirically based argument.

The Nutcracker

Essay One Waltz of the Flowers† from The Nutcracker â€Å"Waltz of the Flowers† from The Nutcracker I watched Waltz of the Flowers from The Nutcracker online for my first choice in my performance paper. This magnificent piece was composed by Peter Llyich Tchaikovsky during the Romantic period in 1892. This performance is performed by about 12 Ballerinas with the music being played in the background. â€Å"The Waltz of the Flowers† is actually ACT II from The Nutcracker, which is a very well known and amazing song. Tchaikovsky wrote this piece about a young girl named Clara that cannot wait for Christmas morning to arrive. She spends the whole night dreaming of intense dreams with extroidinary characters. This is why the ballet is always performed during the Christmas season. This piece is called a Waltz because the song is done in ? meter. The introduction starts with the amazing sound of the beautiful harps being played. This song has four different themes that repeat themselves. The first theme at the beginning, after the introduction, starts with a melody heard in French horns and clarinets and is repeated, but differently the 2nd time. The second them consists of violins. This theme adds drama and tension to the performance. The flutes start in on the third theme and repeated again with a more illuminated timbre. The fourth theme is heard only once and that is where the cellos come in for the melody. This melody is eloquent and passionate. There is so much detail in every part of this piece that you really have to pay attention to the music, which is what Tchaikovsky’s plan was when he wrote it. I really enjoyed watching this performance because the ballerinas moved so beautifully. They moved their hand to the music perfectly, which is where the Waltz come into the name. My favorite section of this piece is the introduction when you hear the harps playing. The ballerinas move so eloquently with the harps and it just amazed me. I also found myself swaying to the sound of the music without even realizing it because it is so relaxing. I am so thankful that this was one of our choices because I really enjoyed watching this and hopefully I will get a chance to watch it in a live performance one day.

Assessment of Basketball in Lexington, Kentucky

Assessment of Basketball in Lexington, Kentucky As an amateur anthropologist, I was to participate in my observation, which I did to the best of my ability. Choosing my topic was the most difficult for me. Coming to America there are so many options that I could choose to research. So what was I to do? Well, being in the state of Kentucky, Lexington at that, I decided to research a sporting event in which Americans call basketball. As soon as I stepped of the big metal bird, I saw a picture of a wild cat holding a round orange ball. I remember thinking, I could never hunt these animals, they are too smart, they are nothing similar to the ones in the Outback of Australia. So I stopped the person that rode next to me on the metal bird, What is that animal doing with that ball? He remarked, We are in Lexington, home of the Kentucky Wildcats. With that he walked away. How could Kentucky be considered the home of the wildcat? We have many in the Outback. So, I continued down the nest where the birds drink and rest. Then it finally hit me, the name of the basketball team were the Wildcats. I was well on my way to find these Kentucky Wildcats. I arrived where they house the wildcats that play ball. The name of the cage was Rupp Arena. Apparently, I was not the only one interested in watching these trained animals play the sport of basketball. The price to watch these animals were extremely expensive; thirty dollars in American currency which would translate into 300 of my own currency. Once inside the cage I found that it was not at all what I thought it to be. There was an enormous amount of people present. In my observation this event is the biggest that people in this culture attend. In this cage you could smell a variety of things. Some smells were all too familiar from home; the urine smell as you walked into the place where people went to relieve themselves reminded me of the Hole. They had many different foods that smelled nothing like anything that I have ever smelled before. They had a brown thing that was twisted into a weird design; they had something that was in the form of a triangle that looked like a piece o f bread with cheese on top and round meat. I later learned that this food was called pizza. I was introduced to sweet dirty water that they call Pepsi. They gave me little square chunks of ice to keep my Pepsi cold while I watch these animals play basketball. I was ready to go watch the animals. What a weird event that brought an extreme amount of people. As I enter the main room of the cage I find that the floor is made of wood with writing on it and there are two weird looking trees, one at each end of the court. I was overwhelmed by what I saw, I had to go down there and see what was going on. I figured there are a lot of people down there looking at the weird trees and the wood flooring with writing on it so why not join them. But what I was confused about was the fact that there were twenty-six people on this floor throwing orange balls into a ring attached on the trees. Maybe this was a ritual before the wildcats were brought out. As I try to take my first step onto the floor a man that was wearing a yellow coat with black lettering stopped me. He tried to explain that only payers could be on the floor. The expression on my face may have shown him that I was an outsider and he explained that the game was about to begin and I should take my seat. So before I found the correct seat after sitting in three other peoples seats, a man wearing a blue vest finally showed me to my seat. After sitting for ten minutes the villagers began standing. In order to attempt to fit in I did this also. After I stood, music began to play and for awhile it appeared that everyone was staring at me, but after a few moments I realized that they were looking at a flag which represents the United States. After the song was over, I did as the rest and sat down. I was ready to see the wild cats play basketball. To my surprise 10 of the twenty-six people that was throwing the orange ball into the rings on the trees walked out wearing their tribal colors, five on each tribe. Then thre e guys that were dressed like zebras walked out on to the floor with the two different tribes carrying the same orange ball that the tribal men were throwing up earlier. After everyone walked out onto the floor everyone began to yell as loud as they could and stomp their feet and clap their hands yelling, Go Wildcats. In absolute joy I stand up expecting to see the animals playing basketball, but instead it is the tribal men. They are running back and forth with the orange ball. Several of the men would throw the ball to the ground and it would bounce back up to them, as they would run with it. The tribal men would group themselves up in pairs and take turns standing in front of them waving their arms like they are crazy. I think that it was a ritual to do this to each other as to show respect for one another. The zebra looking men never touched the orange ball except when the made a loud noise through a little black thing they blew into. The zebras controlled tempers that both trib es would let explode into anger. Every time a tribe man would get hit by an opposite member of the tribe the zebra would blow his little black thing and hold up fingers towards the villagers in the bleachers. I noticed that this culture would use hand motions to communicate. As a participant I would mimic their actions and throw my hands in the air when they did. It was strange because the same motion would show either disgust or joy for their tribe. Some would even display their middle finger, which I took as a demeaning gesture. After twenty minutes of the tribes playing basketball, a loud horn sounded calling the tribes off the court. At this time all the villagers got up from their seat and go to the cages meeting place, where one could get food and beverage or urinate. Some would even put a small white stick to their mouth and proceed to catch it on fire. After thirty minutes everyone shuffled back into the stomping grounds in which were for before the big horn blew again. Once again the two tribal men took to the big wooden floor and the weird trees. I noticed that the chief was not wearing the same garments as his followers. He wore clothes that covered all his body except his face. The tribe men wore shirts with the sleeves ripped off and pants with half the legs cut off. I think that maybe the tribes men have battled prior to this meeting and this was the reason for their ragged garments. The chiefs never stepped onto the big wood floor. He did however wave his hands like a crazy man and even jumped up and down like the followers under him. Some of the men would even dive into the villagers to see if they were paying attention to what was unfolding before them. The assortment of the villagers was amazing. It seemed no matter if you had colored or you were pale you were accepted if you did well for the tribe and considered a disgrace if you hurt the tribe. Both tribes had people of different colors and ages. Some had graybeards and wrinkly skin and oth ers were too young to talk and show their approval for their tribe. All come out to show support and to encourage their respected tribe. After spending a Thursday night in a cage called Rupp Arena I learned that the tribes name is called the Wildcats and it is a competitive sporting event and nothing more. However, some of the villagers always think that they can do better than who represent them. I have found that if I live by these three rules in Rupp Arena one can successfully fill his/her role in compiling data; one- go along with the crowd, they have been around for awhile and know the ropes; two- yell loud for the tribe that traveled the least amount to get to Rupp Arena; three- smile and hit others hands when the orange ball goes through the ring on the tree. It is wise to yell for the tribe that you sit amongst. I would always have a person helping me to learn the game of basketball as Barbara Anderson had someone show her the ropes in the bathhouse. And to find out information about what was happening, I would ask just as she did to find out more about the culture in Denmark. As I just sat there observing the actions I found that everything was universal, the yelling, the hand gestures, and the jumping up and down. They were all actions that showed either disgust or joy for what was happening on the floor. This is a way that people can enjoy life and kick back and enjoy the actions that took place in front of them or it was a way for them to live their past through the current competitors. The weird trees I found out later are called goals in which the players would shoot the basketball. They would pass and dribble and the coach would teach his players to play defensive on the other team. I found it very hard to be just an observer and sometimes I would catch myself enjoying my surroundings and not doing the thing that I was there to do in the first place. I enjoyed it though because it enabled me to sit back and catch some people doing idiotic things that I probably sometimes do. Overall this was a fun project to take part in and I am glad that I was able to do it at a University of Ke ntucky basketball game.

WConference Question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

WConference Question - Essay Example As such, there is a close relationship between human being and the art and hence the art always has a personal appealing to human. The art mostly reveals, through creativity, the side of the world that is interesting but we cannot see or experience in any other way except through art. Plato agrees with me by stating that it is ill advised for people to indulge in both mimetic and narrative representations in the place of art. As such, he demonstrated that arts are the best way that communicates a message from its originality. I am of the opinion that the art is an inseparable characteristic of the society. It is through art that the voiceless in the society can get a voice. Creativities that is demonstrated by the art explain the type of society the people are living. Every person in th society requires to study humanity and the art. This is because the only way to understand the norms and traditions of a given community is by embracing their arts and culture. A good example of how important the art is is the Nkisi sculpture that unites people in DRC. These arts are integral part of the society and hence humanities should be taught in school ion order to safeguard our

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) - Case Study Example (Neenan & Dryden, 2006). In many cases patients that require cognitive behavior therapy exhibit traits like self-destructive and repulsive habits, shame, avoidance, harbor unproductive thoughts and entertain blame games. (Willson & Branch, 2006). Stan's case is not isolated as he depicts similar traits. For example, he avoids the people he used to associate with while he was still in employment, he is unwilling to take work he is over qualified for hence has been unemployed for six months. At the same time he feels ashamed of his unemployment status hence avoids going out of the house at all, he drinks during the day rather than look for another job, he feels entitled to provide financially as the firstborn in his family irrespective of his impossible situation. His panic attacks are as a result of the anxiety he feels from the overwhelming responsibility of being a father, a first born and a husband and the fact that he is not able to get himself out of the situation. The source of Stan's problems is in his pattern of thoughts. The way he perceives his situation has led to the outward show of his frustration and depression. For example, he lost his job and hence he thinks that he has failed. Highly likely are thoughts like 'I am no good' or 'I am a failure' and in that case a self-prophecy has been written in his mind. It is from this thought that he now behaves like a failure and has no time to look for a job but drink during the day or avoid going out of the house to hide his failure. Of course, his problem aggravates because he avoids doing the very things that might be helpful in bringing forth a solution. For example he avoids former colleagues and friends and turns down employment because he is 'over' qualified. Stan's panic attacks root from anxiety linked to distorted thoughts and idealistic expectations. Intervention strategies As seen Stan's problems are birthed from own thoughts and this has affected his behavior. Therapy will focus on helping Stan change his way of thinking. His panic attacks will be dealt with by challenging Stan's thoughts and fears. This will entail encouraging Stan to confront his object or subject of fear in this case going out of the house, not providing financially towards his fathers funeral and the new baby, fear of failure and so on. The aim here will be to desensitize these fears by helping Stan realize that he needs to react to situation in reality rather than from his own distorted perception of the situation. First, the therapist will guide Stan in exploring his thoughts and situation the identify thought patterns and link them to behavior. (Neenan & Dryden, 2006). He might be required to document his thoughts, habits, feelings, events in a journal for review during therapy session. This will help the client and the therapist identify unproductive thoughts in Stan and guide him in replacing each of them with productive and positive thoughts. For example, 'if am jobless, I should not go out' can be replaced with 'I need to go out and network with friends so that I get a job' or 'I am a failure because I did not provide financially to my father's funeral yet am the first born' can be replaced

Concerted practice is the most nebulous of the three categories caught Essay

Concerted practice is the most nebulous of the three categories caught by Article 101 TFEU - Essay Example 2 With regard to paragraph three and exceptions to the prohibitions in paragraph one of Article 101, those relate to what the law determines as contributing to society either through economic development, technical development, and improvements in the way goods are produced or distributed 3 Under the law, moreover, the European Commission has the power to impose the law, to investigate infringements relating to the violation of the prohibitions in Article 101, and to impose penalties and sanctions. 4 To this end, the Commission may compel suspected parties to share information. 5 There is some consensus that it is difficult to pin down the existence of concerted practice, as reflected in case law. 6 For instance, in cases where increases in prices occur in tandem among a group of players, the price increases themselves may not be sufficient to prove concerted practice. In some cases, for instance, as in Case c-47/09 involving the Netherlands T-Mobile business entity, just one meeting among parties was deemed sufficient to establish concerted practice. In 40/73 involving Sulike Unie, the ruling was that concerted practice may be direct or it may be indirect too, and that no written or verbal communication is necessary to establish concerted practice. In the first instance of consideration of concerted practice in case law, or Case 48/69 involving firms operating in a market that is oligopolistic in nature, the Court of Justice ruled that the presence of parallel price increases amounted to the existence of concerted practice, even if the parties to the case m ade a formal challenge to that ruling. This case involved Imperial Chemical Industries, in the industry involved in dyes. In this instance the Court of Justice established a definition of concerted practice as thus: â€Å"†¦a form of coordination between undertakings which, without having reached the stage where an agreement properly so-called

The Souls of Black Folk by Du Bois Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Souls of Black Folk by Du Bois - Term Paper Example He says in the book, "One hesitates, therefore, to criticize a life which beginning with so little, has done so much. And yet the time is come when one may speak in all sincerity and utter courtesy of the mistakes and shortcomings of Mr. Washington's career as well as of his triumphs, without being captious or envious and without forgetting that it is easier to do ill than well in the world† (Documenting the American South). Starting with the issue of education, Washington had given the proposal of providing industrial education to blacks in order to alleviate their position in the society. Du Bois, however, held different views and criticized this proposal by saying that the education provided to blacks should not be industrial; rather, it should be one which would form leaders and educators in the black community. He believed that this would prove to be beneficial in the long run and I believe he is right in stating this. The black community needed people from among them who would continue to work for the rights of the blacks, rather than people who would only benefit their own surroundings. Education for African Americans would not only make the social position of people better but also improve the views that others held about blacks. As Du Bois believed, educating the African American would also remove any misconceptions about the black race and would help people recognize the contribution they were making to the society. Du Bois is also critical of Washington as he seems to promote the idea of submissiveness of blacks to the whites’ system. He does this by recommending that blacks give up three major privileges that make them a significant part of the society: political power, i.e. the right to vote, civil rights and higher education. Without these things, it is not possible for African Americans to make economic progress and grow as a society. Without such rights, African Americans would not be able to look at themselves in a respectful way, let alone having others do so. Without an identity of their own, they would not be able to break out of their own shell and move higher up in the society; rather, they will remain submissive all their lives. Washington was focused more on peacefully co-existing in a society dominated by the whites while Du Bois wanted to break this dominance and lead the African American community towards social, political and economic advancement. The policies of Washington seemed that he appeased the white status quo, instead of improving that of the blacks. This was evident through the fact that he believed that the African Americans should retain their status as farmers, work on cash crops and continue living in the south. He discouraged them from moving up north and demanding civil rights. This makes us doubtful of his ability as a leader, as he did not try to improve the position of his people but rather helped them adjust to their circumstances. Du Bois criticized his views as he believed tha t blacks needed education, not economics, to prosper. With higher education, there would be higher paying jobs and hence a stronger position in the society coupled with economic equality and parity. This was put into words by Du Bois in the following quote: "If we make money the object of maintaining, we shall develop

SPEACKER Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

SPEACKER - Essay Example According to the speaker, entrepreneurship is governed by huge risks and we can observe from the history that most of the startup companies fail. This primarily happens because people jump into the entrepreneurship without prior experience and knowledge of the changing market trends. Moreover, the fail entrepreneurs do not have a very clear mission and vision for their companies or their managerial operations are not consistent with the strategic decisions (Feinleib). All these factors play a vital role in the failure of any start-up business. However, this also gives entrepreneurs the insight knowledge of their business and hence failure is also important for the betterment of future decisions. Entrepreneurial failure discloses the basic methodologies through which an individual can refrain from significant losses. The speaker has identified the basic principles which can actually save people from instant business failures. For example, diligent planning is necessary especially in t erms of finances because start-up companies usually go out of cash if the inflows and outflows are not managed thoroughly. Additionally, there was an emphasis upon the significance of peculiar business details which are often ignored by the new entrepreneurs and hence they face immediate failure. For instance, entrepreneurs are required to be extra sensitive towards the changing market trends and overall consumer behavior. With the advent of modern technology customers have altering choices and hence there is a possibility that they might get product substitutes very soon. Another important aspect which requires greater attention from the entrepreneurs is their attitude after entering into the market. They must maintain profound behavior while analyzing business opportunities. They need to have a very soft and calm attitude to deal with different situations. This is further connected with the fear of business failure. People who initially fear the financial loss actually make more p roductive decisions which foster their future progress and development. Leadership and entrepreneurship are interconnected with one another. For instance, strong leadership is one of the major contributors of successful business startups. Moreover, leadership based on hard work, passion and integrity actually ensures the long term sustenance of business. This is subsequently correlated with organizational culture and employee involvement. The failure of startup businesses was a more interesting topic for me because I have personally suffered from such experience. I entered into the market without developing a diligent plan, business forecast or an outline of consumer demands. My plan was to introduce fragrance soap particularly, for women which can perform as a regular soap and an attractive fragrance at the same time. I was supposed to target middle class working women whose professional expenses could be reduced with an integration of perfumes and soaps. However, my business plan failed within three years of its operations because the product positioning was very wrong. I had to face immense competition from soap manufacturers and perfume producers whereas I got out of cash just after two years of setting up the business. Hence one of the most interesting perspectives which I have identified after experiencing a failed enterprise is the perfect market segmentation and product positionin

Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 11

Management - Essay Example These strategies generally are called Generic Strategy in Business. In this strategy is relating with the critical factor of their business, what is the core area of customer attraction low cost, quality or any other attractive factors in their business. Cost leadership is a strategy to provide low cost or average priced product at good quality. This strategy helps the organization to achieve more market share and customer base by lowering the price while maintaining quality and this is one of the key competitive strategies of an organization. Cost leadership strategy’s advantage is that the company can compete in the area of price. Differentiation strategy is another main strategy which aims at providing a special attribute to the product to attract customers. Focus in marketing is a full service promotional agency, and it meets various specific promotional marketing needs by producing quality products with a reasonable price. It concentrates on a narrow segment and tries to achieve either a cost advantage or differentiation. The aforesaid generic strategies are not necessarily compatible with each other. But to attain a long term success, it is better to select only one of the three generic strategies. Otherwise, with more than one single generic strategy the firm will get ‘Stuck in the middle.’ â€Å"In the words of Clark and Clark, market is an area in which the forces leading to exchange of title to a particular product operate, and towards which and from which actual goods tend to travel†. (Marketing Management, Nature, Scope and Importance of Marketing, Sulthan Chand and Sons, 7th Edition, 2002) 1) Entry Barriers - In cost leadership, it indicates the ability to cut the price in retaliation. In Differentiation, it meant that customer’s loyalty can discourage potential new entrants into the market. Focusing strategy clearly stipulates that development of

Elements of Dance Essay Example for Free

Elements of Dance Essay After reading the handout about tribal dances and ceremonies, I learned a lot of interesting things I never knew before. I guess the fact that I havent taken a dance class ever before and wasnt taught too much about dance in grammar school or high school, I was ignorant to how important and how influential ritual dances are within a society. Dancing is an activity that can be dated as far back as the Stone Age, when people first existed on this planet. Not only that, ritual dances can be found in almost every culture today. In some areas of the world, dancing is a way of life. It can be used for a variety of reasons such as; Fertility rituals, Initiation rituals, Rituals of the Hunt and Animals, Healing and funeral rituals, and War and Weapon rituals. Rituals are traditional clusters of actions. They are performed for the most part to cast magical spells and to influence gods and spirits. Rituals are also passed down from generation to generation. The ritual dance that my group performed last Tuesday in class was titled War and Peace. It started off violent with an intense fight scene and ended with everyone being brought back to life and coming together with the linkage our hands, representing peace. With everything going on in the world right now, we thought it was an appropriate ritual dance to do because the point of it was to show how we must not kill each other. We must come together, figure out our differences and make peace. This ritual would be considered a specific ritual, which has a specific one-time purpose. The purpose obviously being the end of the terrorism thats going on and the prevention of a war. The other type of ritual the handout talks about is a cyclical. A cyclical is repeated each year or season. An example of this would be a rain dance that a tribe might do during a dry season when their crops need water. It seemed to me that the other two ritual dances did in class were probably cyclicals. They seemed as though they were dances that could be used over and over again as opposed to our ritual that had a one-time purpose. Another interesting fact I found out while reading was how sound plays such a crucial role in a ritual dance. It said that the drummer is the main music maker, and it is thought that the gods are spoken to, through drums. Since we practiced our ritual dances in class without a drumbeat, it was a real drastic change when Dave provided a beat for our final dance, making it much easier to keep a rhythm. Another important topic talked about in the article that had to do with our dance in class was Sexual roles. It said that men usually have the roles in a ritual dance dealing with war and the womens role most often deal with the caring for the bodies of the dead. This was also true for our dance we performed in class. Me and Mike started of the ritual dance with a fight symbolizing war, and the dance ended with one of the girls from our group bringing us back to life. In conclusion of this paper, I would like to say that I actually am glad we were assigned our ritual dance, I had fun. Now that I have finished this paper, I have a better understanding of what ritual dance really is.

The Different Smart Home Technologies

The Different Smart Home Technologies In this report I am going to explain the different smart home technologies EIB also known as KNX and CBUS. I will be giving a full explanation about what each system is capable of and a little about their company background. I will also be comparing both system with the advantages and disadvantages for each system. (Add more) EIB (KNX) System EIB (KNX) is the only worldwide bus system which offers a complete range of transmission media for building control systems, including Twisted Pair, Power line, Radio Frequency (RF), infrared (IR), Coaxial cable and Ethernet IP. This smart home network is designed to work independently on any particular hardware platform. It can be controlled through a network of 8 bit micro controller to a PC. EIB (European Installation Bus) uses the twisted pair functioning which uses a cable with two pairs, using only one pair from the twisted cable for communication. The line voltage for these cables is 36v DC. Each device has a bus coupling unit which is used to connect sensors and actuators to the bus for example a NIC card on a PC. EIB is a field bus technology which is maintained by the Konnex Association. Its topology is the same as the CBUS system. EIB (KNX) has over 176 members and manufacturers in 29 different countries some of which include Ardan smart home, ABB, Armour Home Electronics Ltd, Bosch, Basalte BVBA, CIAT, and many other companies based around the world. You can find the full list of members and manufacturers at: http://www.knx.org/ A field bus is a special form of Local Area Network that implements, not computers but sensors and actuators at its nodes and is optimised for short point to point communication of status and command messages (M C-Wonders). The field bus system is built up in 7 OSI layers (as shown below) which is also known as the protocol stack. However the EIB system does not use all 7 layers it only uses 5 layers (See diagram below) this shows the difference between an OSI Model and the EIB Model. OSI Protocol Stack EIB Protocol Stack Layer 1 The physical layer in the EIB protocol stack defines both the bit by bit transmission of data and the physical media type (how the bits are transmitted depends on the media type) Here is a specification of the twisted pair which is used in the EIB system: RS485 bit communications Twisted pair cable 9.6 kbps 1000m range 64 end devices per line Layer 2 The data link layer defines the device addressing mechanism, making sure each device has its own unique address. It also defines the method of access to the bus arbitration as there must be a control mechanism which has to stop devices from communicating on the bus at the same time. The device address is as follows: Device number: 0 63 Line number: 0 11 Zone number: 0 14 An EIB twisted pair system can only have 15 zones, 12 lines per zone and 64 devices per line. Layer 3 On the Network layer there can only be device to device communications as this allows data packet transmission between devices and connectionless communications. This layer also uses Unicast and Group addressing. Unicast addressing is only used during device installation (system access mode) also using the physical device address. Group address is equivalent of multicast and broadcast addressing as it has normal bus operation mode and allows an input device to control many other grouped output devices. The group address consists of a main group, middle group and a sub group e.g. 2.4.2 Layer 4 The transport layer is responsible for reliable communications as it creates a connection between both the sender and the receiver using positive acknowledgment with retransmission (PAR). The PAR sequence is as follows: A connection between sender and receiver is set up Sender sends data with sequence number Sender waits a set period of time for an Acknowledgment from receiver. If none data is sent again. After 3 attempts to send the data have failed the operation will terminate its connection If the receiver suspects an error at any point it will send and (Nack), which terminates the connection. 2. When all telegrams have been transmitted the connection is terminated. Layer 7 This is the application layer in the EIB protocol. This layer is based around the concept of communication objects. Each device on the networks paired with a software application which has the relevant functions it needs. The application associates objects to particular devices as these objects are the communication methods for EIB which use the group address within the device. Each application on each device stores an association table, this association table links to the group address table and a communication object table for example: Sensor device 1.1.1 sends 1/1/1 to actuators 1.1.2 and 1.1.3 to turn on the actuators (1.1.2 and 1.1.3) Sensor device 1.1.1 sends 1/1/2 to actuators to turn them off Here are some of the advantages of the EIB system with some explanation: It has international standard making it future proof ISO/IEC CENELEC CEN SAC AN SI/A SHRAE With product certification, KNX guarantees interoperability and interworking of products EIB makes sure that each different manufacturer, product and application communicates with each other. Ensuring a high quality of flexibility. High product quality EIB makes sure each manufacturer follows the correct compliances in order gain a KNX Certification. Unique Manufacturer independent Engineering Tool Software (ETS) ETS allows planning, engineering and configuration for all certified products. It is manufacturer independent allowing the system to combine different manufacturers to one installation Can be used with all applications in home and building control EIB can be used for all functions and applications in a home or building control varying from lighting and shutter control to security, ventilation control. Fit for use in different buildings EIB can be easily installed into new or even existing buildings, making it easily extendable making sure it adapts to new needs. Supports different configuration modes E-Mode Easy installation mode S-Mode System installation mode Supports several communication media Twisted pair Power line Radio frequency Ethernet IP Can be coupled to other systems The EIB system can be mapped to BACnet objects or offers a possibility to interface within the DALI technology. Independent form any hard- software technology EIB can be understood on any microprocessor platform and can be implemented from start but only for easy market entrance. It cal also take recourses to providers of the systems components. An EIB system is able to do many things at the touch of one button some examples are shown below: Lighting EIB can store and recall different light moods and scenes by pressing the switch/dim button which controls lights on a central level. Being able to adjust internal lighting according to external brightness levels allows substantial energy savings. Shutters and blinds With automated sun protection, weather protection and time controlled shutters/blinds at the press of a button these can be opened or closed. Weather station This protects the blinds and shutters from destruction by wind, rain or frost, giving automated roof windows closing when raining. It also display wind speed, rain and also temperature and brightness levels. An EIB system can do many things at the touch of a button including heating, ventilation/ climate control, security, overriding functions, communications, and incorporation of audio-visual equipment and also helps in customer service. The twisted pair on the EIB, its bit level collision detection with overriding logical 0 which ensures that in case of a collision, the transmission always succeeds for the communication partners. Some of the disadvantages of the EIB (KNX) system are: can only be controlled through an 8 bit micro controller to a PC only allows up to 64 devices per line can only be device to device communication does not allow loop topologies CBUS System Clipsal BUS (CBUS) is a microprocessor control and management system for homes and buildings. This system is used to control electrical services such as lighting, audio visual devices, motors, etc. Either a simple on/off control for lighting or variable (analogue) type control for example dimmers. CBUS is easily controlled through virtually any type of electrical load. CBUS certifies each of its products has its own built-in microprocessor for reliability and fast operation allowing each unit to be programmed individually. CBUS uses a unique method of updating each unit which involves a method which can not involve a central computer or controller. Each unit device is assigned a specific time frame in which it broadcasts its status which is then synchronised by a self generated system clock pulse. This allows great quantities of data to be passed on in small time frames in low overheads and bandwidth requirements. CBUS is an interconnected system of inputs (sensors) and outputs (controllers) used to allow automatic operation and control of machinery or processes such as environments that can make and execute decisions with or without human interface (MC-Wonders). CBUS uses a UTP cat 5 cable which allows each of its devices to interconnect within the system. The maximum total cable length per network cannot exceed more than 1000 meters with a system voltage of 15v D.C 36v D.C (across any node in a network). Its data rate is 3500 bits/second with 64 byte frames. Its bus contention method uses CSMA/CD with CA. CBUS transmit units and dimmers units connect to the main power supply and other switches/sensors which are used to control a buildings electrical service. The network is electrically isolated from the mains supply operating at a safe extra low voltage level of 36v DC. The CBUS system is develops continuously therefore making it practically unlimited. Networks of 100 units are larger installations which have been divided allowing the system to be managed in sections, up to 1000 meters of cables may be in installed in each network. The CBUS system can be as large or as small as a user prefers it to be and it does not only simplify the design of automations needed but limits potential faults which makes trouble shooting easier. CBUS responds too many of the following devices: Home entertainment audio visual, lighting control Security integrated security, lighting Comfort scene setting, dimming Convenience central point control from touch screens, automated time based control, multiple point control, automated messages CBUS is suitable for many different applications for example: Residential Automation Home entertainment audio visual, lighting control Security integrated security, lighting Comfort scene setting, dimming Convenience central point control from touch screens, automated time based control, multiple point control, automated messages Standalone room lighting control Via a touch screen user interface becomes automated for conference rooms and home theatres Many different scene and mood setting are available Commercial light control In a warehouse high bay control is used for energy saving costs Energy saving costs in high rise buildings is brought to minimum by using fluorescent lighting. For retails and restraints mood lighting is used to set a scene Flexible control of lighting and audio visual used in boardrooms For hotel foyers, ballrooms, etc architectural lighting control is used CBUS supports all multi room audio visuals with a full range of amplifiers and ceiling speakers which are all controlled by switches and touch screens. As all electrics have to return to one central panel it is very expensive to convert existing houses to use CBUS unless renovations are being made allowing reconfiguration. A switch which is placed in the boardroom is programmed with the CBUS group address. When the light switch is pressed an on command is sent to the group address of the CBUS. The command which was sent to the group address from the input switch is then sent on to the CBUS network or all units throughout the network. Only the programmed units respond to the command form the group address. Other units which have not been programmed to respond the message will ignore the command as it was not intended for them. This is only an overview of the flexibility and power of the CBUS system. When using a CBUS system each device has to have a CBUS connection including devices such as the mains power will obviously need connection to the mains. Wiring for the mains and CBUS do not need to be adjoining as the mains can be connected to a different phase or completely different system. Field bus system The advantages of a system include: Less complex installation: this means less hassle with wiring as it can be done through a bus that carries the messages Total ownership cost becomes less: reduced cabling and installation time, easy modification and upgrade and easy to fault find means reduced costs. Offers more flexibility: Each node is a micro controller which is programmable. Each node has its own intelligence making no 1 point of failure. CBUS can have a maximum of 255 sub networks, within each sub network there is a combination of input and output units a sub network allows a maximum of 100 units which can connect to a single sub network. When sub networks contain units it is essential to be able to give each unit a address, there are 4 main levels of addressing which are available for these units these are: 1. Network address This is assigned to each sub network with a 2 digit HEX value 2. Unit address This unit address identifies the individual unit for example light switch 3. Area address Allows division of a sub network, it also enable messages to be sent to areas by the units 4. Group address Really a less specific area addressing scheme, only allows maximum of 255 groups on a sub network. There are two main devices which are needed in order to set up a CBUS system. These are a power supply and a PC interface which is used for programming the units. Some of the advantages of CBUS system are: CBUS can forcefully and reliably control all the different systems with low costs per node. There are many different tools which are used to allow 3rd party companies to interface with both PC and embedded systems. One CBUS connection controls a unlimited number of devices CBUS is very flexible for switching and controlling, for example functions may be removed, changed, added or reprogrammed at any time without bulky hard-wiring through the network itself. Simple installation process CBUS is able to control all different types of load including load, digital and analogue. Some of the disadvantages of the CBUS system are: it can have only one distribution panel does not allow loop topologies each device has to return to one central panel each device has to have a CBUS connection CBUS and EIB Compared CBUS and EIB systems are used to control electrical devices in home and building environments for example both home systems can control lighting, dimmers, audio visuals and many other electrics. They also have the same topologies available which includes the bus topology, star topology and the hybrid topology. Neither of these systems can form loop topologies as this does not allow the system to have a valid distribution panel. The EIB system can only uses device to device communications as this allows data packet transmission between devices making connectionless communication whereas the CBUS system uses a network connection which is set up on each node through each sub network mask. This also means that the CBUS system can have as many devices linked to one distribution panel making it an unlimited as an EIB system can only have up to 64 devices on each line within each zone available. Each CBUS product has its own built-in microprocessor which allows each unit to be programmed individually. As each unit device is assigned a specific time frame great quantities of data can be passed in small frames. In an EIB system there can only be device to device communication as this allows data packet transmission between devices and connectionless communications, within the transport layer is creates a connection between both sender and receiver. Both EIB and CBUS systems have a maximum cable length per network which cannot exceed more than 1000 meters with system voltage of 15v DC 36v DC. CBUS has a maximum of 255 sub networks within which there is a combination of input and output units. Within sub network a maximum of 100 units can be connected to a single network. In an EIB system the twisted pair system can only have 15 zones within those zones there can only be a maximum of 12 lines. There can only be a maximum of 64 devices per line on a zone meaning there is limited space on the system. A typical scene situation: There are two lighting strips within an office. Lighting strip 1 is located by the window, lighting strip 2 by the wall. These lights can be switched on and off manually. If there is sufficient ambient light, the lighting strips are switched off and are locked (i.e., they cannot be switched back on again) automatic switching on again when darkness falls is not required but is manually possible. Before the start of a working day a timer automatically switches lighting strip 2 on to guarantee sufficient light level. This is the layout of the office with strip lights and touch switches and actuators A solution to this problem would be to get bus devices including 1 touch sensor to fold, 1 bus coupling module which will have a brightness sensor and timer (1 channel) which is din rail mounted, 1 controller again it should be din rail mounted, 1switchin actuator 2 fold and a din rail mounted devices installed in the distribution panel When an outside has sufficient light, the brightness sensor will automatically switch off lighting and lock it. In order for this operation to succeed the brightness sensor telegram (address 1/0/3) is AND (gate) linked with the touch sensor telegram (address 1/0/1). The output of the AND gate sends a message (address 1/0/6) to the switching actuator (1.1.4) which will switch lighting strip 1. To avoid the brightness automatically switching the light back on when it is darker the result of the linking (1/0/6), this is why when the sensor is switched off both inputs in the AND gate are set to 0. These are the parameter blocks which are used in the programming of the system: PRICE COMPARISON

Unwarranted Cellular Tracking in The United States Essay -- Personal F

In this day and age of technology and digital information, finding the location of a restaurant or landmark only takes the click of a button. At the same time, the technology being used for directions and GPS allows the government to find the location of anyone at any given moment, watching over all as they so please. The prevalence of unwarranted cell phone tracking is extremely high, so much so that a case was taken to the Supreme Court to debate the issue. It was decided in this case, United States v. Jones, that a device having its movements tracked is the same as trespassing on property (United States Supreme Court). More recently than this, the American Civil Liberties Union released several public records detailing the process police departments use before tracing cell phone locations. Shockingly, it was revealed that a large majority of departments around the country fail to acquire a proper warrant before tracking suspects (Crump). Considering the ubiquity of cell phones in society today, jokes about the government turning into a "Big Brother" watching over citizens have nearly become a reality in the U.S., with tremendous worries about what little privacy there is left. What was once thought of as a handy communication tool has now turned into a traveling tracker for the police to spy on the common man with. Imagine, every step outside of a denizen's home being tracked step for step. This was entirely unknown before, and the revelation of such broke the illusion of safety civilians thought they had. Law enforcement agencies shouldn't be allowed to so freely track cell phones without the use of a warrant, it violates a citizen's rights, gives no regard to privacy, and creates an inconsistent legal standard within ag... ...media story brings this issue to light again. Making the push to put reform on this matter and enacting a law to require warrants will restore the values law enforcement agencies are meant to uphold, and bring back the sense of security that is seldom found in society today. Works Cited Clark, M. Wesley. Cell Phones as Tracking Devices, 41 Val. U. L. Rev. 1413 (2007). Crump, C.. "Results of nationwide government cell phone tracking records request show frequent violations of Americans' privacy rights." . N.p., 2012. Web. 22 May 2012. Lightblau, Eric. "Police Are Using Phone Tracking as a Routine Tool." www.nytimes.com. New York Times, 03/3. Web. 28 May 2012. U.S. Supreme Court, . "United States v. Jones Opinion."supremecourt.gov. Us Government, 2012. Web. 28 May 2012. "Cell Tracking." Electronic frontier foundation. EFF, n.d. Web. 22 May 2012.

The Awakening :: essays research papers

The short novel, The Awakening, begins at a crisis in Edna Pontellier's life. Edna is a free-spirited and passionate woman who has a hard time finding means of communications and a real role as a wife and a mother. Edna finds herself desperately wanting her own emotional and sexual identities. During one summer while her husband, Leonce, is out of town on business, her frustration and need for emotional freedom leads to an affair with a younger man. Her search for identity and love leads her on a wild ride against society and tests her strengths to the end. The book raises issues about the role of women in society, not only in the time period in which it is set, but also in the modern world. Edna was truly brave in the way that she slowly began to defy society's conventions. She was never unfaithful to her husband because he had betrayed her by seeing her as an object. This contributed to her yearning for truth and freedom. Her husband was a well-meaning man, but Edna had no real trust in him. She felt empty with him and their children. Once Leonce was gone and Edna had been with Robert, she felt like she had found true and passionate love, but she had not. Robert was like Leonce. Robert speaks of her being "set free and given to her" and she realizes that Robert also viewed women as possessions. This was a trouble that she could not get away from. Robert loved her, but the way that he thought was still being controlled by the society and time that they lived in. Edna realizes that her loving and lusty relationship with R obert would still be repressed by the society that they were in. That is not what Edna wanted. She could not hold back her feelings and continue living the way that she was. Edna did not want to live a life that would have her lying to her children, and raising them would have been painful to her without truth. She felt that if she were to follow through with being with Robert, she would be taking away their expression and personal freedom. Edna was a very strong woman in the light that she did not want to give herself away. She strove to be an independent and self-sufficient individual. In the time period which Edna was in, women had few choices in the case of divorce, and men took the sole custody of their children.

Real Estate Agent Essay -- miscellaneous

Real Estate Agent Buying or selling a house or an apartment is one of the biggest decisions of a person’s life. And when selling or establishing a price for real estate, people seek out real estate agents to do the dirty work. A real estate agent has to convince a prospective homeowner that he or she is trustworthy and knowledgeable. In many ways, the agent acts as a counselor to individuals and families about to embark on a huge commitment. Real estate agents have a thorough knowledge or real estate market in their community. They know which neighborhoods will best fit their client’s needs and budgets. Real estate agents are generally independent sales employees who provide their services to licensed brokers on a contract basis. In return, the broker pays the agent a portion of the commission earned from property sold through the firm, by the agents. They are familiar with local zoning and tax laws, and know where to obtain financing. A good real estate agent is informed about things like schools, tax rates, public transportation systems, and should be aware of going mortgage rates. To be eligible to become a real estate agent, he or she must first be a high school graduate, be at least 18 years of age, and pass a written test. In every state real estate agents must obtain a state license to sell and rent properties. Over 1,000 universities, colleges, and junior colleges offer courses in real estate. Many local real estate associations sponsor courses covering...

Nursing Care Plan and Evaluation

Instructions: 1. The nursing care plan evaluation is based upon the application of criteria appropriate for the student’s skill set. 2.All nursing care plans must be typed (Times New Roman, 12 point font). The nursing care plan form is available on Blackboardâ„ ¢ in each clinical course. 3. The grading rubric must be attached – last page of nursing care plan. 4. All relevant assessment tools used (physical, psychological, or psychiatric i.e. Braden Skin Assessment, Fall Risk) must be attached.HIPAA (Health Information Privacy and Protection Act) mandates all health care providers protect patient privacy. Only information that the patient specifically releases may be shared with others. Only professional persons (students and instructors) involved in care are allowed access to the health care information. The student should be cautious about what information is shared verbally and with whom. If the student is approached for patient information by someone who purports to have authority, the best course of action is to refer that individual to the appropriate administrative personnel.IVY TECH COMMUNITY COLLEGE OF INDIANA – REGION 6 NURSING PROGRAMNURSING HISTORY & PHYSICAL ASSESSMENT FORMStudent _________________________ Date of Care __1-26-2010 to 1-27______ Facility/Unit _Oncology_BMH___ InstructorHealth HistoryBiographical Data:Patient's Initials _DH___ Age __79__ Gender__F__ Martial status: Widow__ DOB: _7/29/1930__________Birthplace: Randolph County__ Ethnic origin/Race: _Caucasian_ Occupation: previous factory worker_Work status : retired_________ Educational background __High school______________History source initials ___Pt__ Relationship to client __self__________________Transcultural Considerations: (Time, space, touch, & value orientation, language considerations, spiritual beliefs, education level)Pt speaks English. High school was the highest education received. She worked at a factory for years and then quit to stay home and r aise her two kids.Special Needs:WalkerReasons for Seeking Care: (Brief statement in patient's words that describes reason for visit – Chief Complaint) Pt states she is here due to her ovarian cancer.Past Health History:Approximate hospitalization dates: 1/17/2010Serious or Chronic Illnesses (Approximate onset): Pt has a hx of: HTN, gallbladder disease, hiatal hernia, ulcers, diabetes type 2, hypothyroidism, depression, ovarian cancer, arthritis, migraines, cataracts and a right leg fx. Pt has also had these surgeries: hysterectomy, appendectomy, cataracts, cholecystectomy, colon resection, hernia, thyroidectomy, tonsillectomy, and adenoidectomy.Obstetric RotationCurrent Obstetric Assessment:Gravidity ______ Term ______ Preterm ______ Abortions ______ Living ______Blood Type _____ Rh Factor _____LMP _______ EDC _______ RhoGAM Status ______ DTR ________ (if applicable)Date & Time of Delivery __________________________________Type of Delivery ___ SVD ___ Forceps ____ Vacuum ____ Cesarean Section___________ Anesthesia/Analgesia _______ EBLPerineum: ______ Intact ______ Episiotomy _____ Laceration & Location__________________Please note any current obstetrical problems/complications (GDM, pre-eclampsia, etc.)Please note any past obstetrical problems/complications: (Condition, duration, treatment)Infant Data:Gender ___________Apgar Score ___ / ___ Gestational Age _____weeks Cord Vessels_____ Feeding method ______ Weight at Birth _______ Length at Birth ________Blood Type & Rh ______ Direct Coombs ________ (if known)Complications at Delivery:Attachment Behaviors:Allergies: Medications: _Vaseline, Tetanus, Penicillin, Codeine, Aspirin, Morphine, Sulfa ___________ What kind of reaction was experienced: __Rash, hives, facial swelling, Headache, _______ Foods: ___NA________________________________________________________________ What kind of reaction was experienced:_Na_________________________________________ Contact: __NA_________________________________________ _______________________What kind of reaction was experienced:__NA________________________________________Current Home Medications: (all prescription, over the counter, home and herbal remedies, include trade or generic name, dose, and frequency) Reason for taking medication (patient stated). 1. Lisinopril 20 mg 1 tab q pm daily- lowers BP2. Levothyroxine 100 mcg 1 tab qdsync daily- thyroid replacement 3. Ondansetron IV 4-8 mg q6hr or PRN- nausea med 4. Sennosides 8.6 mg 1 tab daily- for constipation 5. Polyethylene glycol 17 gr powder daily take with 8 oz of water- for constipation 6. Demecloclycline 300 mg 1 tab TID- tx of bacteria 7. Nystatin 5 mL QID swish and spit- tx of fungus 8. Insulin Reg (Human) PRN with sliding scale- for diabetes 9. Promethazine 12.5 +5mL q8hr dilute with 9mL NS prior to IV with max rate 25mg/min – helps with nausea and used for antihistamine 10. Hydromorphine brand: Dilaudid 2 mg q2hr or PRN- per painSubstance use: (Frequency and amount) Tobacco _ __Past hx for 40+ years _________ Alcohol ___hx of occasional ____________________________________________ Illicit drugs __none____________________________________________________________Family History: (Health status or cause of death of blood relatives displayed in a genogram format)Family & Social Support Systems: Pt has a daughter and son that visit her daily. She also has a granddaughter that visits a few times.Physical AssessmentPrimary Medical Diagnosis: _______Hyposmality___________________________________________________________________ Secondary Medical Diagnoses: __Ovarian Ca Height __5’5†______ Weight ___182_____ Head Circumference (if < 2 yrs of age) _________________ TPR _98.5 – 66 – 28_____ B/P __142/77____ Pain Score ___10___Pain Goal __0___ BMI ___30_______ Oxygen Saturation _92____ Supplemental Oxygen _2L___ Diet: __general with 1500 ml fluid restriction____Consumption % __less than 10% General Appearance:Pt is a 79 year old female with g ray hair. She is sitting up on the BSC with a pillow behind her back and a pillow in her hands pressing against her abd. Breakfast tray is sitting in front of her but she is unwilling to eat. Pt states she â€Å"just hurts so bad from the constipation.† Pain meds had already been given to her.Patient's Health Promotion Activities At Home: Pt uses a walker at home.Site Assessment of Invasive Lines and Drainage Tubes: (Note location, type, and findings) PICC line in right upper chest with no signs of redness or bruising. There is an IV in her upper right arm that has some bruising.Mental Status – General Impression: (attach screening tool/results if used) A & O X3. Pt sometimes seems to be a little confused.Skin, Hair & Nails: Braden Scale Score: ___19 LOW _______ (attached) Skin is warm/dry/intact. Pt has a bruise over her left antecubital area and on top of left hand due to a previous IV. She has a scar from her gallbladder surgery that is still healing with no signs o f infection. She also has an appendectomy scar from a previous surgery years ago. Hair is full and thick. Nails of both upper and lower extremities are yellow with cap refill.

Porters 5 Forces

Sonia’s smoothies 1) Nick calculated that of 200 customers who completed the questionnaire at the rock festival, the mean age was 23. The age distribution conformed to a curve of normal distribution with a standard deviation of 5. Calculate the number of customers aged 33 and over who featured in Sonia’s survey (33-23)? 5 = 2 2% of 200= 4 Answer= 4 2) With reference to the report on the UK smoothie market (appendix 2) analyse two limitations of using secondary sources as the basis of Sonia's decision making. Secondary research is one that is carried by a third party and not yourself.The information is collected as it may serve propose in the information you need even though it may have been collected for a different research. There are however some limitations of Sonia using this secondary research whilst making a decision on what smoothie flavours to bring out. In this essay I will discuss these and give my opinion on whether Sonia should or shouldn’t solely bas e the decision on this information. The first limitation of using secondary research is that it may be several years old and may not reflect the current market conditions.If this is the case for Sonia then it would mean that she may be releasing a flavour into a market that no longer exists. This would mean that her sales will not be as high as she would of hoped, it would also mean that her costs will rise as she would be producing smoothies unaware that these are not going to sell. The impact of both of these things happening will result in Sonia losing profit. This one example shows that for Sonia to solely base her decision on secondary research it would not be good for her business as she could lose out on a lot of potential customers.The second limitation of using secondary research is that it may not be accurate and reliable as it may be biased. If this does happen then it would mean that Sonia would be making a decision on information that is not 100% accurate and true. This would be misleading for her as she would be making a decision based upon something which is not going to benefit her at all. This would result in her again losing profits as her costing will rise through producing the goods and sales being low. This again shows us that if Sonia does make a decision solely based on the secondary research it may result in failure of the product she releases.In conclusion I think that Sonia should use secondary research as it gives her a basic idea about what is happening or has happened in the market which will give her a slight idea but it should be used in conjunction with some primary research such as questionnaires so Sonia 100% accurate data and knowledge. If this is done then it would ensure that the decision being made will be the correct one resulting in the success of the product she releases. 3) Discuss why nick might have recommended that Sonia should not base any decisions on the rock festival research.The rock festival research is a type of primary research. Primary research is one that is collected by yourself. In this essay I am going to discuss the reasons why Nick may have recommended Sonia do not make decisions solely based on the rock festival research, I will then come to a conclusion as to what Sonia should do to ensure the decision being made is the right one. Firstly by carrying out the rock festival research it means only targeting one group of people, therefore other groups such as families and children would be missed out.The consequence of Sonia making her decisions on just the rock festival research could be misleading as she has not taken into consideration groups that may be her major customers. For example families may be her major target audience and if Sonia makes a decision based on a group other than the families she could release a non desirable flavour. If this does happen then it would mean that she could be releasing a flavour that is not in demand which would result in less sales and this less potential profits.It would also mean that her costs will rise through production and this would be wasted money as she may not be able to sell these products. Secondly the response that Sonia may get from the people attending the rock festival may not be 100% accurate as they may not give the correct answers as they will want to enjoy the event itself. For example Sonia may approach an attendee at the rock festival and ask them questions but they may not give thought out answers as they are focusing on the music itself.If this does occur and Sonia does make a decision on this information it could mean that she is making a product which is based on incorrect data which could affect her sales which will make the released product less profitable. I think that Sonia should not base her decisions solely based on the rock festival. I however do think using a method of primary research is a good start to making a decision but she could have thought out where the questionnaires would be conducted a little better. For example she could have done it in a high street where there is a variety of people which would give her better feedback.For Sonia to base her decision solely on this it may result in her getting inaccurate results which would mean that the product released may not be as successful as it could be. I think that if Sonia wants to make the product as effective as it can be she should take do the primary research (questionnaire) in a more suitable place such as the high street. I also think that it should be used in conjunction with another type of research such as the secondary research that she had collected before.By using both types of information it will give her more of an understanding as to what a customer wants and it would make her decision making process a lot more easy and accurate. 4) If Sonia decides to use a market research agency to investigate the new smoothie flavours, analyse two ways they might use a quota sample. Quota sampling is a sample created by gathering a predefined number of participants from each of several predetermined categories, for example choosing 25 people both from the categories male and female.There are many advantages of using quota sampling one of which is that it clearly shows the demand from each of the categories. Sonia may want to decide to use a market research agency to investigate new smoothie flavours. I am going to analyse two reasons why they may use quota sampling whilst doing the research for Sonia. The first reason why the market research agency may use quota sampling is so that they can determine clearly what each group of people would like. For example once the research has been done using the groups male and female they can determine what each group wants and can look at the rends. By having this type of sampling it would give Sonia an idea of the wants of each group and she can then make her decision based upon this. I think that this type of sampling would be very good for Sonia as the market she is entering is one which is different according to people’s personal preferences and by understanding what each category wants she can make a decision so that she can cater for all of them. The second reason why quota sampling may be done is because it is a cheaper method as opposed to taster sampling.Taster sampling is when samples are given out to random customers to get their opinion on things, this means that the costs involved are very high as products are actually given away. By doing quota sampling it means that the cost of actually giving out products is avoided, this would mean that the cost that Sonia has to pay the agency will be less meaning her costs will stay down. 5) Discuss methods of primary research the market research agency might use to investigate new smoothie flavours for Sonia’s smoothies.Primary research is one that is done and collected by yourself, primary research can be split into three categories; test marketing, su rveys and observations, these can be then split even further into the actual activities. There are many types of primary research that can be undertaken and in this essay I am going to discuss some that the research agency may take up in order to investigate new smoothie flavours for Sonia’s smoothies. The first type of primary research that can be done is questionnaires; these are types of surveys.This method is a very good way of getting back answers from the customers as it can be both qualitative information and quantative information. Questionnaires can be either done in person but can also be done through post. Questionnaires are the most common type and I think that for Sonia smoothies it would be a very good method as she can get a lot of feedback from potential customers. this information would give her a very good idea of what the customers will want and it would help her make the correct decision.The correct decision will intern help her make profit as she knows sh e has the right product for the right market. However whilst doing questionnaires they will have to make sure that they do not annoy the potential customers through a lot of phone calls etc as this could result in the business losing its reputation and potential sales. The second type of primary research that the market research agency may undertake is consumer panels. A consumer panel is a group meeting that is held whereby questions are asked and noted to give the results.The advantage of consumer panels is that the information is likely to be accurate as the people attending it will have a lot of time to answer the questions meaning that they can thoroughly answer them. The disadvantage is that this type of research is that it may be more costly as the premises etc will have to be organised. This is a very good type of research as it allows qualitative information to be collected as well as opinions however I do not think that it is entirely suitable for Sonia smoothies as she do es not necessarily need discussions to take place as all she wants is opinions of flavours and what customers want.Therefore I think that this method is not entirely suitable for Sonia smoothies. Another type of primary research that can be undertaken is taster sampling. This is when samples are given of the product and feedback is received by potential customers. This type of method is very good for a product that people will have different opinions on as it allows feedback from all types of people. Although there is a short term cost of actually producing these samples the long term affect it could have is a positive one as it would mean that the right product is being sold to the customers thus increasing sales and profits.I think that this is a very suitable type of research that can be done by the market research agency as it would not only allow Sonia to get feedback for certain flavours it will also increase brand awareness which would help her in the long run. Furthermore th e market research agency may ask supermarkets about the best selling smoothies in their stores. This is a method of primary research as it will be done by themselves. This is a fairly cheap method of research as all it involves is contacting the supermarket with what they need.I think that this is a very good method of research for the market research agency to use as it will help Sonia identify which are the best selling types of products and she could use this information whilst making hers. However Sonia wants to create a new smoothie flavour so copying other flavours may not necessarily be the best option. A way in which Sonia could avoid copying is to maybe mix the two top selling smoothies in the store for example mango and peach flavoured smoothie; this would be different and unique. As a whole I think this method s fairly good in helping Sonia identify what flavours the customer tend to buy. As you can see there are various types or primary research methods that the market r esearch agency can undertake for Sonia smoothies. I think Sonia should use a combination of these. Firstly she should use questionnaires to ask the potential customers what types of flavours that they would like. Once this is done she can begin to make the samples for taster sampling which will then give her brand reputation as well as the opinion of customers. By doing this it would ensure that the research done is thorough helping her make her final decisions.As a whole I think to maximise effectiveness Sonia should use a combination of research methods to get a lot of peoples opinions. 6) Evaluate the importance of market research for Sonia’s smoothies LTD in making decisions over expansion. Market research is a systematic, objective collection and analysis of data about a particular market. There are many ways to carry out market research. In this essay I will evaluate the importance of Sonia’s smoothies using market research and will give my opinion of how it shou ld be carried out.Sonia smoothies has three man ways that she has identified so that the business can expand further, these are; expanding geographically, by seeking to distribute through a wider range of outlets and lastly expanding the range of flavours that they have. Firstly I am going to talk about the importance of using market research for the third aim of expanding its range of flavours. I think it is very important for Sonia smoothies to use market research as the smoothie market is one which is ever changing through new flavours and changing external factors such as health issues.By doing market research before releasing the product it would help the business understand the current market so that when they do release the new products they know that it is going to work in this market. By ensuring that the product being released is current it would help them increase their sales and profits, intern this would also have a knock on effect on helping them to achieve their first aim of expanding geographically as they will now have the money to do so. Secondly having the arket research can not only be a method for the company to release new products but it can also increase brand awareness as doing things like taster research will make people more aware of the company. If this happens then it could help them with their sales as people would be more aware and will be more confident in buying the product as they have already tasted it. By increasing the brand awareness it would mean that the sales will increase thus helping their profits. As you can see market research has more purpose for Sonia smoothies than just helping them to release new products.It is very important that Sonia’s smoothie takes out the necessary research so that they are successful in achieving their aims. Although market research brings a short term cost in the long run these costs will be covered by the success of the product depending on how well the research is done. Secondly is Sonia smoothie’s aim of distributing their products through a wider range of outlets than just health foods shops and events. There are many ways that market research will enable Sonia smoothies whilst making a decision as to what retailers to choose.Firstly market research can help them to choose the most effective shop. for example it can be used to see which shop has the least competition in it. By using market research to look at such things then it will help the success of the product as they will know that they do not have a lot of competition meaning that their product is more likely to be successful. This type of market research is vital as the market is always changing and the competition is always changing so for Sonia smoothies to have a competitive edge they will have to ensure that they have more sales.This is very important because if there are a lot of competitors it would reduce sales and intern decrease the amount of profits that are made. The second way that the market research may be used for this aim is to look at what retailers sell the most smoothies. By looking at this it will ensure that the smoothies that are made have the necessary demand. This is very important as it would ensure that sales can be made. Increased sales would mean bigger profits. however whilst doing this they will also have to look at the level of competition.As you can see market research is again very important in helping Sonia smoothies in their aim of expanding the number of retailers that they sell in. by increasing this it would help them increase brand awareness which will this increase the sales and profit. An increase in profit will help the business as it would mean that it will help them with their first aim of expanding geographically. Lastly Sonia smoothies has a aim of expanding the geographical area in which the smoothies are sold.This is linked to the second aim of selling through more retailers as that could help them do this. Market resea rch again plays a vital role in making the decision as to where to expand. For example market research can be used to see where there are there is the largest number of children for example (using children as Sonia smoothie’s main customers) by doing this it would give them a good perspective as to where there is a large number of their target audience. By having a lot of people that they can sell to it will increase their sales which will intern increase their profits.Market research is very important in using this as the market is ever changing and there is no point of geographically expanding into an area where the sales are not likely to be high as it would be a waste of money. In conclusion the importance of market research is very high as it could help the business achieve all of their aims that they have set. All the aims are interlinked for example increasing the range of flavours and selling these flavours through more retailers would mean increased sales, increased sales would result in higher profits which can then be used to fund for the geographical expansion.Because of this Sonia smoothies will have to ensure whilst doing the market research that it is done thoroughly, however they also have to keep an eye on the cost of the market research as they do not want to do it in such a depth where it costs them too much. If Sonia smoothies takes out the necessary market research then it could help them achieve all of their objectives of expansion, without market research the business cannot achieve their aims as effectively. Porters 5 Forces PORTER’S FIVE FORCES 4 Power of Suppliers Criteria Level Effect on Power Effect on Profit Difference of Inputs High Increases Decreases Cost of Switching Suppliers High Increases Decreases Threat of Forward Integration High Increases Decreases Supplier Concentration High Increases Decreases Difference of Inputs ?Product differentiation within inputs in the tech industry is largely dependent on how recently the input has been developed (the extent of which it is considered cutting edge). In cases where component innovations are the property of the supplier prices increase to compensate.However, in cases where products are low tech, older innovations, product differentiation is minimal. In some cases the differentiation between products may be so extreme that companies are forced to buy components from a direct competitor, just as Apple purchased roughly $8 billion worth of parts from Samsung last year (Levine 2013). Since newer, more recent technology is where the vast majority of profits are in the tech sector the level of difference of inputs is going to be considered high.This then increases the level of the bargaining power of suppliers put pressure on the company’s profit margin. Cost of Switching Suppliers ?Companies within the tech sector design their products around certain components, impacting size, shape, weight and function. If a company is to change their component supplier then the product will have to be reengineered, costing the company time and resources that could be allocated elsewhere. These then threatens the company’s ability to compete, stay relevant and develop newer products in a market with a high product turnover rate.Thus company’s have a high cost of switching suppliers, which in turn increases the bargaining power of suppliers which puts pressure on the buy’s margin and profitability. Threat of Forward Integration ?Forward integration, the ability of a supplier to enter a state of competition with their buyer (â€Å"Porter's Five Forces† 2012) is extremely high in the tech sector. For instance, MSI and ASUS, two long time component suppliers have both entered a state of direct competition with companies such as HP and Dell, who they still supply components for (â€Å"ASUS† 2012).Because component suppliers often have a majority of all of needed parts to make the final product they can easily enter the market, and while their products may not be on the cutting edge they are solid competitors. This threat of forward integration increases the bargaining power of suppliers, which decreases the profitability of the buyer. Supplier Concentration ?Supplier concentration refers to the strength of market share the top suppliers in the industry have in relation to the total industry (â€Å"Porter Model – Suppliers † 2010).Many of the larger tech companies have large market shares in their specific specialization, for instance Samsung has 97% of the world mar ket share in OLEDs (Choi 2011), 40. 4% in DRAM (Liu 2010), and 40. 4% in NAND flash (â€Å"Samsung Expands† 2012). ASUS currently controls 40% of the world’s motherboard market (â€Å"ASUS† 2012), while Intel controls 82. 3% of the global processor market (Shilov 2012). This extremely high supplier concentration results in a very large increase in supplier power, which drastically decreases buyer profitability. Summary The technology sector is rather brutal on buyers when it comes to their relationship with suppliers, who have a disproportionate amount of bargaining power with every category going in their favor. The difference in inputs, cost of switching suppliers, threat of forward integration and supplier concentration all favor an increase in supplier bargaining power and a decrease in buyer profitability. With all these factors considered it comes as no surprise that many companies make and develop their own components or are previous suppliers who have un dergone forward integration.Power of Buyers Criteria Level Effect on Power Effect on Profit Product Differentiation Low Low Decreases Number of Buyers/Sellers High High Increases Switching Costs Low High Limits Profitability Access to Information High High Degreases Access to Information ?The more information the buyers have, the better the bargaining power they are in. With all of the product information that can be accessed via the Internet, it gives the buyers added bargaining power. The Internet is a powerful tool for consumers.Buyers can easily use the Internet to compare prices, features, packages, and find great deals at the time of a purchase. There are many buyers who use the internet to access information and the effect on power is very strong which leads to having decreasing profitability for the whole industry. Switching Costs ?Buyers who can switch brands at any given time due to a low switching cost have more leverage than buyers who have high switching costs. The swit ching costs for this industry are low and have a high effect on bargaining leverage for the buyer. This leads to having limiting profitability for the industry.It limits the profitability because in principle, it puts a cap on how much producers can raise or reduce quality before they will lose the buyers business. However, in a few cases the switching costs can be high. When buyers purchase a phone, they can be purchased at a low price but with that it comes with a 2 or 3 year contract with a given provider. If this contract is breached, large fees are usually acquired by the customer. During this contract if a customer would like to purchase a new phone then they will have to pay full price for their purchase if their provider does not allow non-contract purchases.Product Differentiation ?In certain industries buyers will make their selection based on prices — which would increase price completion among companies. When the products are differentiated then the buyer’s options will be limited. Unfortunately, in the industry Samsung is currently in the product differentiation is low. This has a strong impact on buyer bargaining power and results in lower profitability. When we take a look at Samsung’s Galaxy Tablet compared with the ipad, we can see many similarities among the two products.The price is very similar, size, as well as features, and even the battery life. Number of Buyers ?In this industry, there are many buyers that it can attract. Since Samsung makes products such as mobile phones, tablets, laptops, TV’s, cameras, and much more they have many buyers since most of the items mentioned everyone has. The more buyers in a given industry results in more sellers the company will have to compete with and more alternatives a buyer can choose from. The larger the buyers as well as the number of sellers, means the customer is more important to the sellers business.Summary ?The overall buyer bargaining power for the industry that Samsung is in would be labeled as high. This creates a few challenges for Samsung as it makes the market very competitive, leaves little room for error, and creating a following for the company. With the buyers having most of the power the chances for profitability can be difficult to reach but Samsung has done a great job reaching good profitability. They have handled the high effects of buyer bargaining power very well and have been gaining more buyer loyalty. Threat of SubstitutesCriteria Level Effect on Threat Effect on Profit Relative Price of Substitutes Low Increases Threat Decreases Profitability Relative Performance of Substitutes High Increases Threat Decreases Profitability Switching Costs High Decrease Threat Increases Profitability Buyer Propensity to Substitute Low Decreases Threat Increases Profitability Relative Price of Substitutes ?When it comes to the price of substitutes in the electronics industry, it really depends on the particular product being considered, b ut overall, they are fairly low.For example, if someone is looking to replace their laptop and is looking for a product that can satisfy their need to access the internet and communicate with others, they could consider purchasing a tablet, which is fairly inexpensive compared to the price of some computers. (Spoonauer 2011) The low cost of substitutes increases the threat on businesses because they are at risk of losing customers to the businesses that are offering lower priced substitutes. This loss of business would decrease their profitability. Relative Performance of Substitutes As with the price of substitutes, the performance of substitutes also depends on the particular products being considered, but overall the performance is fairly high. Technology has rapidly advanced throughout the past few years, which has led companies to create devices that allow users to complete many tasks on one device, rather than have separate devices for each task. Someone that normally uses a l aptop to access their email and chat with friends on social networking websites can now access those same things on a tablet, which is a much smaller and convenient device. Biggs 2011) The high performance of substitutes leads to increased threat, because customers are more likely to switch to a product that is high quality and extremely convenient. The increased threat would ultimately decrease the profitability, because it would be difficult for them to compete with a company that is offering a higher quality product. Switching Costs ?Depending on the individual customer, switching costs could be high or low. Switching costs tend to be high with electronics, because making the decision to purchase a new product usually takes some time and research. Chen 2000) It is risky to purchase an electronic device without looking up product information and customer reviews beforehand. Switching costs can also be high because it takes time to get used to a new product and figure out all of th e capabilities and features. This can be a time consuming as well as frustrating process. High switching costs leads to a decrease in overall threat, because many customers do not want to switch products if it involves a lot of time and effort. It is much easier to stick with a product that is familiar rather than try to learn something completely new.This will lead to an increase in profitability because customers won't want to switch to a new product offering from a different company. Buyer Propensity to Substitute ?Overall, buyer propensity to substitute is fairly low, with a few exceptions. Most people are satisfied with the products they are using and are not looking to switch products all the time and look for the most recent technology. Many people who have laptops would never consider buying a tablet, because a laptop does everything a tablet does, minus the convenient size. But there are people who are always looking for the most echnologically advanced products and they ar e more than willing to substitute their products. Some people like the convenience of a tablet and would gladly replace their bulky laptop with it. (Adhi Techno 2012) Because buyer propensity to substitute is fairly low, it decreases the threat of substitution, since most people don't have a need to switch out their current products. This ultimately increases profitability, because customers are remaining with that product rather than switching to a company that offers something else. Overall Threat of Substitution Overall, the threat of substitution has roughly the same negative and positive impact on profitability. The low price and high performance of substitutes draws customers away from the business and encourages them to look to those substitutes to satisfy their needs, thus decreasing profitability. High switching costs and low buyer propensity to substitute have a positive impact on profitability, because customers would rather stick with their products rather than take the time and effort to find a new product to satisfy their needs. Threat of New Entrants Criteria Level Effect on Power Effect on Profit Product Differentiation High HighHigh Diversity of Competition Moderate Moderate Low Start-up Costs High High High Distribution High High High Product Differentiation ?According to Randy Khoo, author of â€Å"Why Apple is Very Afraid of Samsung,† Samsung carries itself through many different production areas even though most people believe Samsung only dabbles in the electronics market. At this time Samsung has 6. 5% of the IT Hardware market share, 7. 1% of the peripheral market share, 8. 5% of the converged devices market share and 5. 2% of the personal computer market share (Khoo, R). This means that the company’s ability to spread over a broad span of products is immense.According to Khoo, Samsung’s power could one day take over Apple’s entire market share. Diversity of Competition ?According to the U. S. Patent and Trad emark Office’s records from 2011, Samsung applied for the second most patents in the Nation. In 2011 alone, they applied for and were granted 4,868 patents, right behind International Business Machines Corporation, who were granted 6,148 patents. Samsung’s closest competitor, Panasonic Corporation, raked forth with 2,533 patents granted (Patenting by Organizations, 2011). Start-up Costs ?As for all electronics, start-up costs are extremely high.According to Craig Kuhn, author of â€Å"Barriers to Entry,† the start up costs for firms selling electronics are extremely high due to the amount of technology and materials needed to create a marketable product. ?Another aspect new firms need to think about is their incoming reputation when attempting to compete with very popular firms. These existing firms are knowledgeable about the industry and already maintain relationships with key manufactures and the biggest retailers. These new firms need to infiltrate these rel ationships in order to make way into the market, which isn’t easy (Kuhn, C).Distribution ?Randy Khoo, author of â€Å"Why Apple is Very Afraid of Samsung,† states that Samsung’s ability to sell their products anywhere is enormous. Since Apple strictly sells their products in their stores, through their website and through their strict distribution channels, Samsung has the ability to take over the market by selling their products anywhere that will accept them. â€Å"Samsung also has an existing distribution network from their existing businesses. This is of tremendous value†¦These distribution channels will also be there for the future dissemination of other Samsung products.This means that if they want to, it’s easy for them to market more than just electronics (Khoo, R). † Intensity of Rivalry Supposed to have four criteria. Criteria Level Effect on Power Effect on Profit Product Differentiation High Decrease Power Increase Switching Cost H igh Decrease Power Increase Diversity of Competitors High Decrease Power Increase Cost Product differentiation: ?According to Arthur Thompson, in his article, â€Å"Crafting and Executing Strategy,† â€Å"the essence if a broad differentiation strategy is to be unique in way that are valuable to a wide range of customers† (Thompson 2010).He also mentioned that, â€Å"a focused strategy to focus keyed to differentiation aim at securing a competitive advantage with product offering carefully designed to appeal to the unique preference and needs of a narrow, well defined group of buyers† (Thompson 2010). Broadly, Samsung faces many competitors who produce a wide range of electrical appliances. They have competitors like LG, Panasonic, GE and so on. In a small niche, differentiation is still a major factor that influences the sales of certain products.For example, in the cell phone industry, there is a lot of differentiation constantly appearing in the cell phone co mpetition, because differentiation can gain more advantage to their products. Therefore, the more differentiation their rivals make on their products, the less power Samsung has, and the more they will have to increase the cost of their phones. Switching cost: ?The majority of Samsung’s products are electrical appliances which require relatively high switching cost. According to Samsung, the common price of high tech products, like cell phone or tablet, is around $500.The price of big electrical appliances is usually more than $1,000 (Samsung, 2012). Compared to other low switching cost products, the majority of Samsung’s products have higher switching costs. Also, the life cycle of those products are long, which means as long as customers buy the products, it is not easy for them to switch. Therefore, there will be more competition to attract customers. That would decrease Samsung’s power, and they would drive up cost to make their products more attractive. Div ersity of competitors: ?There are many competitors in the electrical appliance industry.In the high tech industry, there are also many different competing companies. Apple is one of the main competitors in the high tech industry. According to Vaughan-Nichols, â€Å"Apple has sued Samsung around the world. Apple has made the same lousy patent design claims: Samsung has stolen the look and feel of its iPhone and iPad† (Vaughan-Nichols 2012). The more competitors an industry has, the more the companies will spend to compete against rivals. Apple is only one of those competitors. As the industry becomes more mature, the diversity of competitors becomes wider. Therefore, the effectiveness of Samsung’s power in the industry will decrease.In addition, the more competitors the industry has, the more money each competitor will put into the production and marketing of goods in order to increase brand identity and image. Therefore, the cost goes up. Overall Power of Rivalry: ?Ove rall, the power of rivalry would have a negative effect on Samsung. The influence would be losing power in the market and driving up costs. The major influence from rivalries would be differentiation of products, high switching costs and diversity of competitors. RESOURCES Adhi Techno (2012) â€Å"Top Five Reasons Tablets Will Substitute Laptops, Cellular Cell phones, and Pcs† Accessed 15 February 2013. ttp://adhi-id. blogspot. com/2012/04/top-five- reasons-tablets-will. html. ASUS, â€Å"ASUS. † Last modified 2012. Accessed February 18, 2013. http://www. asus. com/About_ASUS/Marks_in_History_ASUS_Motherboards/. Biggs, John (2011) â€Å"10 Reasons To Buy A Tablet (And 5 Reasons Not To)† Accessed 15 February 2013. http://techcrunch. com/2011/02/12/10-reasons-to-buy-a-tablet-and-5- reasons-not-to/. Chen, pei-yu (2000) â€Å"Switching cost and brand loyalty in electronic markets: Evidence from on- line retail brokers† Accessed 15 February 2013. http://opim. wharton. upenn. du/~lhitt/ files/ICIS%20-%20Switching%20Cost. pdf. Choi, Jin. â€Å"NO1. † Last modified 2011. Accessed February 18, 2013. http://news. mk. co. kr/newsReadPrint. php? year=2010&no=346294. â€Å"Five Forces. † Wikispaces. cct424-samsung. wikispaces. com/Five+Forces (accessed February 17, 2013). Khoo, R â€Å"Why Apple is Very Afraid of Samsung† Android Authority. http://www. androidauthority. com/why-apple-is-very-afraid-of-samsung-26459/ (accessed February 18, 2013). Kuhl, C â€Å"Barriers to Entry† CED. http://www. cedmagazine. com/articles/2005/11/barriers-to-entry (accessed February 18, 2013). Levine, Dan.Bandor Daily News, â€Å"Apple and Samsung, frenemies for life. † Last modified 2013. Accessed February 18, 2013. http://bangordailynews. com/2013/02/11/business/apple-and-samsung-frenemies-for-life/. Liu, Ken. CENS, â€Å"Samsung' Share of Global DRAM Market Exceeds 40%. † Last modified 2010. Accessed February 18, 2013. http://news. cens. com/cens/html/en/news/news_inner_34299. html. â€Å"Patenting by Organizations, 2011† U. S. Patent and Trademark Office. http://www. uspto. gov/web/offices/ac/ido/oeip/taf/topo_11. htm (accessed February 18, 2013). â€Å"Porter Model – Suppliers . † Last modified 2010.Accessed February 18, 2013. http://www. whatmakesagoodleader. com/Porter-Model. html. Quick MBA, â€Å"Porter's Five Forces. † Last modified 2012. Accessed February 18, 2013. http://www. quickmba. com/strategy/porter. shtml. Samsung, â€Å"Samsung. † Last modified 2013. Accessed February 17, 2013. http://www. samsung. com/us/. â€Å"Samsung – 5 Forces Analysis† WikiHealth. http://www. wikiwealth. com/five-forces:samsung (accessed February 18, 2013). Shilov, Anton. Xbit, â€Å"AMD’s Market Share Drops Below 17% Due to Market Conditions, Competition with Intel.. † Last modified 2012. Accessed February 18, 2013. ttp://www. xbitlabs. com/news /cpu/display/20121106225537_AMD_s_Market_Share_Drops_Below_17_Due_to_Market_Conditions_Competition_with_Intel. html. Spoonauer, Mark (2011) â€Å"Tablets vs. Laptops: What Should You Buy? † Accessed 15 February 2013. http://blog. laptopmag. com/tablets-vs-laptops-whats-best-for-you. Thompson, Arthur , Margaret Peteraf, John Gamble, and A. J. Strickland. Crafting & Executing Strategy: The Quest For Competitive Advantage. New York : McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2012. Thompson, Arthur. Crafting and executing strategy  . New York: Mc Graw-Hill Irwin, 2010. Vaughan-Nichols, steven.ZD Net, â€Å"Why is Apple scared to compete with Samsung?. † Last modified 2012. Accessed February 17, 2013. http://www. zdnet. com/why-is-apple-scared-to-compete-with-samsung-7000002823/ Trading Markets, â€Å"Samsung Expands. † Last modified 2012. Accessed February 18, 2013. http://www. tradingmarkets. com/news/stock-alert/ssnjy_samsung-electronics-expands-its-nand-flash-market-share-in-q2-10898 34. html. Valuation Academy (2013) â€Å"Porter’s Five Forces- Threat of Substitute Products or Services† Accessed 15 February 2013. http://valuationacademy. com/threat-of-substitute-products- or-services/.